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There are four basic things that you may see in your browser when you try to access your CGI program from the web:. Remember that the server does not run as you. That is, when the server starts up, it is running with the permissions of an unprivileged user - usually nobody , or www - and so it will need extra permissions to execute files that are owned by you.
Usually, the way to give a file sufficient permissions to be executed by nobody is to give everyone execute permission on the file:. Also, if your program reads from, or writes to, any other files, those files will need to have the correct permissions to permit this. When you run a program from your command line, you have certain information that is passed to the shell without you thinking about it.
For example, you have a PATH , which tells the shell where it can look for files that you reference. Any programs that you invoke in your CGI program like sendmail , for example will need to be specified by a full path, so that the shell can find them when it attempts to execute your CGI program.
A common manifestation of this is the path to the script interpreter often perl indicated in the first line of your CGI program, which will look something like:. If your CGI program depends on non-standard environment variables , you will need to assure that those variables are passed by Apache. Any header violating this rule will be dropped silently.
Most of the time when a CGI program fails, it's because of a problem with the program itself. This is particularly true once you get the hang of this CGI stuff, and no longer make the above two mistakes.
The first thing to do is to make sure that your program runs from the command line before testing it via the web server. For example, try:. Do not call the perl interpreter. The shell and Apache should find the interpreter using the path information on the first line of the script.
The first thing you see written by your program should be a set of HTTP headers, including the Content-Type , followed by a blank line. If you see anything else, Apache will return the Premature end of script headers error if you try to run it through the server. See Writing a CGI program above for more details. The error logs are your friend. Anything that goes wrong generates message in the error log.
You should always look there first. If the place where you are hosting your web site does not permit you access to the error log, you should probably host your site somewhere else. Learn to read the error logs, and you'll find that almost all of your problems are quickly identified, and quickly solved. The suexec support program allows CGI programs to be run under different user permissions, depending on which virtual host or user home directory they are located in.
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